【張明】清代黔中年夜儒陳法的理學思一包養經驗惟及其教導成績

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The theoretical thinking of Chen Fa in the middle of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty and its teaching achievements

Author: Zhang Ming[①]

Source: Author Authorization Confucian Network Published

                                                                                                                                                                                                                               � He became an jinshi at the age of 21 and served as an official for more than 30 years. Later, he was exiled to serve as a military officer. After being pardoned and returned to Guizhou, he devoted himself to studying and preaching the “Guanshan Book Academy” for nearly 20 years, making serious contributions to the development of civilized education in Guizhou. The theoretical thinking and teaching achievements of Chen Fa have a certain main position and influence within the national scope, and still have certain inspiration and reference value for the current teaching transformation.

Keywords: Chen Fa Cheng and Zhu Polytechnic School Guiding Instruction Results The King of Guizhou

Chen Fa (1692-1766), whose courtesy name is Shichui and also whose courtesy name is Shengquan, was named Dingyi, and the scholars are called “Dingyi Teacher Chief Teacher”. Chen Fa was born in Anping County (now Ping’an County) in Guizhou (now Ping’an County) in the 31st year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1692). He was the second place in Zhongzhen in the 52nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1713), and became a Jinshi in the autumn of the same year. He was selected as a native of Shuji, Hanlin Academy. He was 22 years old. Chen Fa has been in the officialdom for more than 30 years. He served as the examiner of the Tongtian Township, the examiner of the Beijing Teachers’ Association, and the doctor of the Ministry of Justice. He became the prefect of the Zhitong Tianfu Baobao.com VIP. In the 11th year of Yongzheng’s reign (1733), he was 42 years old because of the withdrawal of the temple’s temple’s tourism and reconstruction. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), he was reborn as the prefect of Dengzhou Prefecture in Shandong, and was promoted to the river, the turret road in Jiangnan, the turret road in the turret road, and the management of the Huanghuai River. In the tenth year of Qianlong’s reign (1745), he was directly promoted; the following year (1746), at the entrance of Huanghe River, the river governor Baijuan Mountain was impeached, and Chen Fa was deposed for Baijuan Mountain and exiled to redeem the military efficiency, at the age of 55. Chen Fa uses thousands of volumes of books to write books and writes them by himself. In the 14th year of Qianlong’s reign (1749), he was ordered to go to Beijing. The court official, Xu, had no intention of becoming an official, so he returned to Guizhou, “to restore the customs of the people and say that he was short-term.” [1] In the 17th year of Kangxi (1752), he was hired to go to Guiyang. “He taught the Guishan Book Academy for nearly 20 years, and he studied in the famous school for the evil of the imperial school, and agreed to the precepts.” [2] 806, 1766, died at home in the 31st year of Qianlong’s reign (1766), at the age of 75, and worshipped the Guishan Book Academy with Wang Yangming. In the 7th year of Daoguang (1827), he worshiped the town temple and the “Yin Daozhen Temple” in Fufeng Mountain in Guiyang. The memorial activities have been extended from the past to the reactionary period of the Xinhai rebellion more than 150 years later. In the early years of the country, the Yunnan Army entered Guizhou and ordered the tribute to stop the tribute of Chen Fa, and the memorial service ended on its own. Chen Fa lived through his entire life, in the 52nd year of Kangxi (1713)The age of 22 and the age of 55 in the eleventh year of Qianlong (1746) can be divided into three periods: early, middle and late. In the late period, they were determined to study and took the subject examination. In the middle period, they were in power for more than 30 years, and were rewarded for their contributions, so they decided to return to the country to teach; in the early 20 years, they focused on scientific works and teaching activities. Chen Fa’s life works are quite rich, including: eight volumes of “Yi”, one volume of “Mingdian Record”, one volume of “Hegan Questions”, eight volumes of “Collection of Records”, eleven volumes of “Inner Heart Psychology”, fifty-three articles of “Jinghetang Manuscripts”, and thirty-one articles of “Awakening Heart Collection”. Chen Fa was a famous rationalist and teaching expert in the Qing Dynasty of Guizhou. Everyone had the evaluation of “realistic minds and political affairs, and immortality of the circumcision” [3]129 and “the later members of Confucianism and pride of the purity of the Confucian scholars, and they were highly regarded as the view of Guizhou” [1]; his life and events have been introduced to “Drafts of Qing History”, “Brief Thoughts on the National Dynasty”, “Qizhou General Records”, “Antuan Prefecture Records”, “Anping County Records”, “Qizhou Celebrity Figures of the Qing Dynasty”, etc.

1. Chen Fa’s theoretical thinking

Chen Fa was a Cheng-Zhu lieutenant who emerged in Qinzhou after the decline of the King of Qianzhong. He was the most important turning point in the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties in the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties. His appearance marked the end of the Qing Dynasty after the Ming and Ming dynasties was passed down in the Qing Dynasty for more than a hundred years. [4] Qianzhou began to emerge from a new style of Zhu’s scientific research. As a theoretical scholar with certain influence in the whole country, Chen Fa was deeply involved in the study of Cheng Zhu, and also studied the principles of the Book of Changes, clarifying the differences between Cheng Zhu and King of Kings, criticizing the study of the mind and Buddha. His life’s works focus on the study of Cheng Zhu as the main theme. When he was in a middle-aged life, he wrote a volume of “Mingbian Records” in total ten short-term care articles, loving Cheng and Zhu, and suppressing the king of the king of the country. At that time, he combined the book with the “The King of the King of the Heart” by the scientific scholar Rujia, which was one of the main works of Cheng and Zhu in the Qing Dynasty. When exiled to reincarnate, he also wrote 8 volumes of “Yi” and specialized in the Ming Dynasty Yi scholars’ knowledge of virtue. The “Four Library Complete Books of Four Library” will be the most important “Yi” study in Qinzhou, representing the highest achievement of “Yi” learning in Qinzhou in Qing Dynasty. When he was talking about “Qiushan Book Academy” in his late years, he wrote 31 articles of “Xingxin Collection”, 53 articles of “Jinghetang Manuscripts”, and 11 volumes of “Inner Heart Psychology”, and brought Cheng and Zhu’s academicians to the lecture activities of the Book Academy. In addition, Chen Fasi Su Ruoyun published his other works into eight volumes of “Check Collection”. The books compare with each other, which makes it easier to understand that they are the order of learning and the scientific thinking. Chen Fa is a famous scholar who was in charge of Cheng and Zhu in the Qing Dynasty. He studied Cheng and Zhu, distinguished the evils of the king of the world, tried to regain the style of the world, and also understood the principles of long and short.The consequence of serious profit. Kang Qi called him “not a lesson from Luo and Guan.” [5] The 15th volume of “A Brief Study of the National Dynasty Case” written by Tang Yan of the Qing Dynasty, which specializes in the late Qing Dynasty, including 261 physicists, and Chen Fa is one of them. Chen Tianju, a famous scholar in Guizhou, called: “In my science, I Ming, I took the lead in the sciences of Guizhou. “Han WengongLi Tongye as the first step. When Sun and Li studied, they had income and expenditure, but they were determined to pray for the purple yang, which was purely out of justice.” [2] 806 Sun Wengong was the Sun Yingke, and Li Tongye was Li Wei; they were both famous Wangmen students in the Ming Dynasty in Guizhou, and were called “famous ministers and scholars” and “good students and righteous people.” Chen Tian regarded Chen Fa, Sun Yingqian, Li Wei and others as the most important representatives in the history of Guizhou Contemplation, which was a reasonable statement and the high evaluation was shown. Chen Fa’s theoretical thinking is discussed from the two aspects of “destroying” and “establishing”, and the brief description is as follows: